The Lag in F&B Recovery: Hoteliers React to Profit-Margin Challenges With New Service Styles

According to CBRE’s September 2022 Hotel Horizons forecast for the overall U.S. lodging industry, RevPAR will exceed 2019 annual levels in 2022. This performance is driven by the accelerated recovery of ADR, which first occurred during the third quarter of 2021. Unfortunately for the owners and operators of full-service, convention, and resort hotels, food and beverage revenue is yet to return to pre-COVID levels. This can be attributed to a combination of the following factors:

  • Health regulations
  • The lag in group demand recovery
  • Staffing shortages
  • Relaxed brand standards
  • Cost-control measures

To gain a better understanding of recent trends in hotel F&B within U.S. hotels, CBRE analyzed the F&B department revenues, expenses, and profits of 1,228 properties that reported F&B revenue to its annual Trends in the Hotel Industry survey each year from 2015 through 2021. Estimates for 2022 F&B revenues, expenses, and profits were made based on the performance of a sample of 1,000 hotels through August 2022.

In 2021, these 1,228 hotels averaged 329 rooms in size and achieved an occupancy of 47.6 percent along with a $190.13 ADR. Before COVID, the occupancy level for these same hotels was 75.3 percent, with an ADR of $205.24.

The sample consisted of three property types:

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  • Full-service hotels: Properties that offer some degree of F&B service through restaurants, lounges, and in-room dining, plus a limited amount of meeting and banquet space.
  • Convention hotels: Properties that frequently offer multiple F&B venues, in-room dining, plus extensive meeting and banquet space.
  • Resort hotels: Hotels that offer extensive recreational facilities. F&B facilities and services may be limited or extensive. Limited-service and extended-stay hotels that only offer complimentary F&B were excluded from this analysis.
Revenues

In 2020, total F&B department revenues measured on a dollar per-available-room (PAR) basis declined by 72.5 percent. This decline is greater than the 67.5 percent fall-off in total hotel revenue. Despite growth in 2021 and 2022, CBRE estimates that 2022 annual F&B revenue levels for the hotels in the sample will be just 88.3 percent of 2019 levels at year end.

The relative F&B revenue recovery by property type follows the overall demand patterns for the various categories. For 2022, full-service F&B revenues are estimated to be 18.6 percent behind 2019 levels. These hotels are frequently dependent on individual business travelers, the demand segment that has struggled the most to return. Group demand has shown some degree of revival, supporting the ability of convention hotels to return to 92.5 percent of their 2019 F&B revenue levels. Given the strong resurgence in leisure travel, CBRE estimates that resort property F&B revenue will surpass 2019 volume in 2022 by 15.7 percent.

While F&B revenue on a PAR basis has yet to return to 2019 levels, F&B revenue on a per-occupied-room (POR) basis has. As of August 2022, F&B revenue on a POR basis is on pace to reach 13.8 percent above 2019 sales. Analyzing the F&B department revenue sources that have increased at the greatest pace since 2019 provides some insights into the POR growth. Strong venue revenue gains indicate menu price increases since cover counts are believed to be reduced. In-room dining gains reflect guests’ desire to stay in their guestroom and away from crowded restaurant dining rooms. Finally, we have seen strong gains in public room rental revenue, concurrent with relatively tepid growth in banquet revenue. This indicates an increase in local business meetings and local catering events that supply their own F&B. Increases in local F&B revenue contribute significantly to a rise in revenue on a POR basis.

Trends Influencing F&B Revenue

Toward the end of 2021 and going into 2022, social group functions, such as weddings, galas, reunions, etc., ramped up aggressively. Full-service and convention hotels in corporate or downtown locations, which historically serviced midweek events, have been filling up on the weekends. Social groups are varied and could lead to inconsistent pricing of F&B services. Properties with aggressive F&B planning such as rooftop venues, active lobby bars, and signature restaurants are ramping up faster than competitors as the F&B amenity is potentially a major leisure and small group/events draw for local diners and travelers. Furthermore, pre-pandemic, the industry was pushing toward oversized, trendier, bar-centric F&B outlets to differentiate from traditional competitors. Many of the new designs did away with the prototypical isolated restaurant space and treated the entire lobby as an F&B outlet. This creates a sense of place and an active environment at check-in and drives greater F&B revenues with greater efficiencies, as well as an overall increase in ADR. This trend looks to be continuing despite disruptions from COVID. Moreover, these less traditional F&B models are flexible and can operate as counter-service grab-and-go or full-service, depending on brand standards, time of day, location, and guest profile.

In general, operators have had to reconfigure their F&B standards and service to accommodate local health and brand restrictions. Some of these efficiencies are sticking and have contributed to a more dynamic F&B service style.

Expenses and Profits

While lagging revenues are troublesome, the rise in F&B operating expenses is becoming a greater concern. CBRE estimates that by year-end 2022, the F&B department profit margin for the hotels in the sample will be 27.7 percent. This is less than the 30.5 percent profit margin achieved in 2019.

Labor and costs of goods are the primary contributing factor to the reduction in F&B profit margins. The country is nearly at full employment, and low wage-driven hotels/restaurants are susceptible to this dynamic. According to various interviews, individual position wages have grown 20 percent to 40 percent over 2019 levels as F&B outlets are struggling to re-staff and maintain. Food prices have increased more than 10 percent relative to 2021, and inflationary concerns are continuing.

Fortunately, these costs have been somewhat mitigated by streamlined staffing and higher menu pricing. As mentioned earlier, the shift in restaurant service styles lends itself to potentially eliminating various redundant positions. Additionally, these new F&B outlets offer smaller and focused menu planning with better quality, but less quantity and selection.

In 2021, the cost of F&B increased at the greatest pace (67.6 percent) among all department expenses, followed by salaries and wages (42.9 percent) and other operating expenses (35.7 percent). Only a reduction in payroll-related expenses (-20.9 percent) helped to moderate total F&B department expense growth. The reduction was the result of fewer severance payments made in 2021 compared with 2020.

CBRE believes that, unfortunately, these expense trends from 2021 have continued into 2022, without the benefit of the payroll-related reductions. During the early stages of 2022, CBRE observed some operating efficiencies and growing margins, but those have been on a downward trend since April as inflation has risen.

Given these relative changes in revenues and expenses, CBRE estimates that F&B department profits PAR will be just 80.2 percent of the profits earned in 2019. Like department revenues, full-service F&B profits will lag the most in 2022, while resort hotels will record a 19.8 percent premium in F&B profits over 2019.

The Future

Leading up to COVID, the F&B space within hotels has long been a “necessary evil.” This less profitable department posed greater day-to-day risks. The industry started introducing flexible, lifestyle F&B offerings that followed current dining trends and potentially mitigated fixed

expenses. Concurrently, the modern traveler and diner drifted away from hands-on service styles in favor of higher quality food and streamlined service. Within the freestanding restaurant space, fast food and table service dining are merging, and the high-quality $25 burger wrapped in paper served at the counter is here to stay. Hotel F&B (and hotels in general) are following a similar trajectory. Limited service is merging with full service. Smaller limited-service dining rooms combined with craft cocktails and artisanal appetizers are redefining what modern guests value in their hotel stays.

The industry will continue to balance standards, service, efficiency, and quality to maximize profit and reduce risk. From a groups/conference perspective, event space is becoming more varied with unique alternatives to supplement the traditional ballrooms, junior ballrooms, and breakouts spaces. Depending on location, new outliers in the space include screening rooms, sound studios, art galleries, esport/game rooms, and/or rooftop venues.

While the pandemic was detrimental to the F&B space, it potentially accelerated various trends the industry was initially sluggish to adopt.

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Robert Mandelbaum is director of research information services for CBRE Hotels Research. Andrew Hartley is vice president of CBRE’s Northeast Advisory practice.